Handa Sukhdev Swami - Extraction technologies for medicinal and aromatic plants


Authors : Handa Sukhdev Swami - Khanuja Suman Preet Singh - Longo Gennaro - Rakesh Dev Dutt
Title : Extraction technologies for medicinal and aromatic plants
Year : 2008

Link download : Handa_Sukhdev_Swami_-_Extraction_technologies_for_medicinal_and_aromatic_plants.zip

Preface. Medicinal plants are the richest bioresource of drugs for traditional systems of medicine, modern medicines, nutraceuticals, food supplements, folk medicines, pharmaceutical intermediates and chemical entities for synthetic drugs. Aromatic plants are a source of fragrances, fl avors, cosmeceuticals, health beverages and chemical terpenes. Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are traded as such in bulk from many developing countries for further value addition in developed countries. The fi rst step in the value addition of MAP bioresources is the production of herbal drug preparations (i.e. extracts), using a variety of methods from simple traditional technologies to advanced extraction techniques. Extraction (as the term is pharmaceutically used) is the separation of medicinally active portions of plant (and animal) tissues using selective solvents through standard procedures. Such extraction techniques separate the soluble plant metabolites and leave behind the insoluble cellular marc. The products so obtained from plants are relatively complex mixtures of metabolites, in liquid or semisolid state or (after removing the solvent) in dry powder form, and are intended for oral or external use. These include classes of preparations known as decoctions, infusions, fl uid extracts, tinctures, pilular (semisolid) extracts or powdered extracts. Such preparations have been popularly called galenicals, named after Galen, the second century Greek physician. The purpose of standardized extraction procedures for crude drugs (medicinal plant parts) is to attain the therapeutically desired portions and to eliminate unwanted material by treatment with a selective solvent known as menstruum. The extract thus obtained, after standardization, may be used as medicinal agent as such in the form of tinctures or fl uid extracts or further processed to be incorporated in any dosage form such as tablets and capsules. These products all contain complex mixture of many medicinal plant metabolites, such as alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, fl avonoids and lignans. In order to be used as a modern drug, an extract may be further processed through various techniques of fractionation to isolate individual chemical entities such as vincristine, vinblastine, hyoscyamine, hyoscine, pilocarpine, forskolin and codeine. The industrial processing of MAPs starts with the extraction of the active components using various technologies. The general techniques of medicinal plant extraction include maceration, infusion, percolation, digestion, decoction, hot continuous extraction (Soxhlet), aqueous-alcoholic extraction by fermentation, counter-current extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound extraction (sonication), supercritical fl uid extraction, and phytonic extraction (with hydrofl uorocarbon solvents). For aromatic plants, hydrodistillation techniques (water distillation, steam distillation, water and steam distillation), hydrolytic maceration followed by distillation, expression and enfl eurage (cold fat extraction) may be employed. Some of the latest extraction methods for aromatic plants include headspace trapping, solid phase micro-extraction, protoplast extraction, microdistillation, thermomicrodistillation and molecular distillation. With the increasing demand for herbal medicinal products, nutraceuticals, and natural products for health care all over the world, medicinal plant extract manufacturers and essential oil producers have started using the most appropriate extraction technologies in order to produce extracts and essential oils of defi ned quality with the least variations from batch to batch. Such approach has to be adopted by MAP-rich developing countries in order to meet the increasing requirement of good quality extracts and essential oils for better revenue generation within the country, as well as for capturing this market in developed countries. The basic parameters infl uencing the quality of an extract are the plant parts used as starting material, the solvent used for extraction, the manufacturing process (extraction technology) used with the type of equipment employed, and the crude-drug:extract ratio. The use of appropriate extraction technology, plant material, manufacturing equipment, extraction method and solvent and the adherence to good manufacturing practices certainly help to produce a good quality extract. From laboratory scale to pilot scale, all the conditions and parameters can be modelled using process simulation for successful industrial-scale production. With the advances in extraction technologies and better knowledge for maintaining quality parameters, it has become absolutely necessary to disseminate such information to emerging and developing countries with a rich MAP biodiversity for the best industrial utilization of MAP resources. The experts at the South-East Asian (SEA) Regional Workshop entitled ˝Extraction Technologies for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants,˝ held in 2006 in Lucknow, India, agreed to prepare a publication on extraction principles, technologies and analytical techniques for quality control of raw materials and processed products in the form of extracts and essential oils for medicinal and aromatic plants. This book focuses on different techniques of hydrodistillation, steam distillation, cohobation and fractional distillation of volatile oils from aromatic plants and on water-solvent extraction and supercritical fl uid extraction for medicinal plant extracts. It also discusses general, specifi c and advanced technologies for preparing extracts of medicinal plants and the extraction of volatile oils and fragrances from aromatic plants. This book is intended to equip emerging and developing countries with techniques of extraction that can help them to produce economical and globally competitive quality extracts. Gennaro Longo Chief of Environment Area Special Adviser on Technology Development. ...

You might also like

Festy Danièle - Mes petites recettes magiques aux huiles essentielles

Auteur : Festy Danièle Ouvrage : Mes petites recettes magiques aux huiles essentielles Tous les...

Continue reading

D'Hennezel Marie - Ma petite pharmacie naturelle

Auteur : D'Hennezel Marie Ouvrage : Ma petite pharmacie naturelle 25 plantes pour soigner les maux...

Continue reading

D'Hennezel Marie - Les plantes pour tout guérir

Auteur : D'Hennezel Marie Ouvrage : Les plantes pour tout guérir Année : 2015 Lien de...

Continue reading

Guilmot Jean-Luc - Vaccins

Auteur : Guilmot Jean-Luc Ouvrage : Vaccins Quelques avis significatifs de médecins et de...

Continue reading

Albertat Judith - Lyme Les solutions naturelles

Auteur : Albertat Judith Ouvrage : Lyme Les solutions naturelles Des huiles essentielles aux...

Continue reading

Albertat Judith - Maladie de Lyme

Auteur : Albertat Judith Ouvrage : __Maladie de Lyme Mon parcours pour retrouver la santé Année :...

Continue reading

Lalitte Eric - Apprenez le fonctionnement des TCP-IP

Auteur : Lalitte Eric Ouvrage : Apprenez le fonctionnement des réseaux TCP-IP Année : 2016 Lien de...

Continue reading

Michaud Lili - Mon potager santé

Auteur : Michaud Lili Ouvrage : Mon potager santé Cultivez vos légumes en pleine terre ou en pots...

Continue reading

Delavie Alain - Un potager urbain

Auteur : Delavie Alain Ouvrage : Un potager urbain Des légumes pour tous et partout ! Année : 2018...

Continue reading

Bourgeois Laurent - Mon carré de plantes aromatiques et médicinales

Auteur : Bourgeois Laurent Ouvrage : Mon carré de plantes aromatiques et médicinales Année : 2021...

Continue reading




ARYANA LIBRIS
Aryana Libris
Recension d'ouvrages au format numérique PDF